Abstract

The accelerating rate of mammalian extinctions necessitates innovative approaches to conservation biology. Comparative genomics has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding the genetic basis of species vulnerability and developing targeted conservation strategies. This study examines genomic data from 15 endangered mammalian species across diverse taxonomic groups, including the Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis), Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii), vaquita porpoise (Phocoena sinus), and black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Through whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis, we identified common genetic signatures associated with population bottlenecks, inbreeding depression, and adaptive potential. Our findings reveal significant reductions in genomic diversity, with heterozygosity levels 20-40% lower than their non-endangered relatives. Functional genomic analysis highlighted compromised immune system genes and reduced adaptive capacity in reproductive and metabolic pathways. These results provide crucial insights for developing genomics-informed conservation strategies, including genetic rescue protocols, breeding program optimization, and habitat restoration prioritization. The integration of genomic data with traditional conservation approaches offers unprecedented opportunities to enhance species recovery efforts and prevent future extinctions.